Magmatic sulfiderich nickelcopper deposits related to picrite and or tholeiitic basalt dikesill complexes. On the basis of their principal metal production, magmatic sulfide deposits in mafic rocks can be divided into two major types. Primary sulfide mineralization occurs below the oxide cap and. Mining flotation reagents for nonsulfide ores air products has over 40 years of experience supplying industrial gases and performance chemicals to the mining industry. Spontaneous polarization associated with porphyry sulfide.
Deposits form in rift environments with elevated heat. Reitan tectonic between these and the underlying rocks. Pdf on jan 1, 2003, maria boni and others published nonsulfide zinc deposits. First is froth flotation, and second is cyanidation of the ores. To accomplish work, the published version of the document should be viewed online. More than 90% of australias known global resources of nickel metal derived from sulfide deposits were discovered during the relative short period of 1966 to 1973 table 1, fig. Rich hydrothermal deposits of gold, silver, zinc, and copper are found as sulfide deposits in the deepocean floor and around black smokers. Choose from a variety of file types multiple pdf files, microsoft word documents, microsoft excel spreadsheets, microsoft powerpoint. Geography ch 1012 study questions flashcards quizlet. Magmatic sulfide ore deposits are products of natural smelting.
Characteristics of supergene copper oxides mineralization in. Should have geological and petrological indicators of rifting and heat. Gold and native copper in supergene sulphides from the mid. Massive sulfide deposits can be classified with special features in mind 30. Spencer phillips found that the umd study being used to project the economic benefits of sulfide ore mining is of low quality and limited scope in scope. Review of geophysical technology for nicupge deposits king, a. Oxidation of the richmond hill ore deposit resulted in a welldeveloped hematiticjarositic cap up to 260 feet thick.
Sulfides occur as primary accessory minerals in many different igneous rocks and in deep hydrothermal deposits that are closely related to igneous intrusions. Our global reach throughout the major mining regions provides customers with local support. Sms deposits are composed of minerals deposited around seafloor hot springs. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. Acid mine drainage overview acid rock drainage ard is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, chiefly iron pyrite or iron disulfide fes2. Total sulfide, methylene blue method page 3 of 10 printouts of this document may be out of date and should be considered uncontrolled.
Magmatic sulfiderich nickelcopper deposits related to. Mineralization and alteration of a modern seafloor massive. They forms when mineralrich superheated water shoots out of vents in solidified magma on the ocean floor. Metallic sulfide mining aka hard rock mining is the practice of extracting metals such as nickel, gold and copper from a sulfiderich ore body. Most magmatic nicupge sulphide deposits occur within longlived magma pathways fed by high degree partial melts of the mantle. Multimillionounce pge deposits of the portimo layered. The term has been coined by mineral explorers to differentiate the modern deposit from the ancient. Fourteen domestic mines accounted for more than 95 percent of the 1. Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit wikipedia. Magmatic sulfide deposits models 1, 2b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, and 7a. The sulfide minerals represent higher temperatures and a slightly deeper setting than the sulfate minerals, which reflect the oxygenrich environment near the earths surface.
Pgebearing cunife sulfide disseminations in the marginal series of the suhanko and konttijarvi intrusions figs. Tectonic settings of magmatic sulfide deposits in china m. Cinnabar is the more stable form, and is a structure akin to that of hgo. Magmatic sulfide deposits containing nickel ni and copper cu, with or without. Metallic ore deposits, however, are relatively rare concentrations of metal. Further, it is used as an inorganic photoresist to fabricate 3d nanostructures. Magmatic sulfide rich nickelcopper deposits related to picrite and or tholeiitic basalt dikesill complexesa preliminary deposit model. This process results in black smokers which are the visual appearance of minerals precipitating in the cold water. Using cyanide to recover gold from sulfide ores generally results in 30 to 35% recovery, and the best i have heard of is around 50% recovery. Sulfide ore deposits occupy a spectrum from accumulated pools of matte within small igneous intrusions or lava flows, mined primarily for ni and cu, to stratiform layers of weakly disseminated sulfides within large maficultramafic intrusions, mined for platinumgroup elements.
Sulfide deposits replaced hydrothermally dolomitized carbonates and were subsequently reworked into polymict conglomerates of probable carboniferous age that were deposited in a marine environment. Arseniciii sulfide is used to make infraredtransmitting glass, pyrotechnics, pigments, linoleum, electrical semiconductors and photoconductors. Magmatic sulfide deposits models 1, 2b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, and. Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as vms ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copperzinc which are associated with and created by volcanicassociated hydrothermal events in submarine environments. Leonard presents the planetary perils and economic promise of nearearth asteroids. Active venting is limited to a few sites with shimmering water at the base of chimneys or along fractures in the indurated sediments, associated with bacterial mats fig. Evidence for a magmatic contribution of metals and fluid conference paper pdf available august 20 with 257 reads how we. Seafloor massive sulfide deposits or sms deposits, are modern equivalents of ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits or vms deposits. Again, the profit line is dependent on a number of economic factors.
Similar deposits are kure and erganimaden in turkey, ermioni in greece and outukumpu in finland. The massive sulfide deposit of siirt madenkoy, southeastern. Massive sulfide deposit remains on the seafloor until eventually buried by pelagic sediments 105 to 106 years so for every active vent field, there are 10s of extinct ones assuming there are no species endemic to extinct sulfides, these inactive vent deposits offer a lowimpact target for mining. Deze gratis online tool maakt het mogelijk om meerdere pdf bestanden of afbeeldingen te combineren in een pdf document. This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed. Pdf documents opened from your browser may not display or print as intended.
Unlocking disseminated nickel sulphides using the cesl. Easily combine multiple files into one pdf document. Sulfide saturation of a magma is not enough in itself to produce an ore deposit. Abstract sulfidic polymetallic ore deposits, known as seafloor massive sulfides sms occur on the seabed as precipitation products from hot hydrothermal solutions as a result of mixing with cold seawater and are usually found at depths between 1,50. Soda pdf is the solution for users looking to merge multiple files into a single pdf document. Process for removing hard to remove deposits containing elemental sulfur and multivalent compounds from a surface comprising 1 contacting the deposits with a cleaning composition comprising a a major portion of aliphatic amine, b water, and c an oxidizing or reducing agent, 2 allowing the cleaning composition to remain in contact with the deposits for sufficient time to allow. In addition, deposits have been named after giant deposits of that type, such as norilsk type or voiseys bay type. Do you want to join multiple pdf documents into a single pdf document. Environmental impacts of mining seafloor massive sulfide. The state of minnesota is relying on a fatally flawed economic impact analysis to support sulfide ore mining in northeastern minnesota. Deep ocean research submersibles, bathyspheres and remote operated vehicles have visited and taken samples of black s. Sulfide silicate textures in magmatic nicupge sulfide ore deposits.
Comparison of the tag mound and stockwork complex with cyprustype massive sulfide deposits 1 mark d. In 1989, arizona produced 60 percent of the total u. Firefighting measures continued additional provisions. The formation of the magmatic sulfide deposits in magma conduit systems, such as the norilsk nicupge deposit, voiseys bay nicuco deposit, and the magmatic sulfide deposits at the bases of komatiite flow, and the pge deposits in large layered intrusions, such as the bushveld intrusion and great dyke, are closely related to mantle. Spontaneous polarization associated with porphyry sulfide mineralization charles e. The mineral system approach applied to magmatic nicupge. Sms deposits were first recognized during the exploration of the deep oceans and the mid ocean ridge spreading centers in the early 1960s. Magmatic sulfiderich nickelcopper deposits related to picrite and or tholeiitic basalt dikesill.
These are, for example, metal contents, age and country rock type. The structuralgeological, petrographic, and mineralogical data are considered for the oceanic core complex enclosing the. Multimillionounce pge deposits of the portimo layered igneous complex, finland m. Nonsulfide is a term, which comprises a series of oxidized znepb ore minerals, mainly considered as related to weathering of zn pb sulfide concentrations. The oxidized cap of these three deposits is composed of acid soluble. Nickel deposits explained magmatic nickel sulphide deposits the bulk of nickel mined today comes from either nickel laterite deposits, in deeply weathered terrains where nickel is released from the weathering of ultramafic rocks, or from nickel sulphide deposits which is our primary focus at grasset. The formation of the magmatic sulfide deposits in magma conduit systems, such as the norilsk nicupge deposit, voiseys bay nicuco deposit, and the magmatic sulfide deposits at the bases of komatiite flow, and the pge deposits in large layered intrusions, such as the bushveld intrusion and great dyke, are closely related to mantle plumes naldrett et al. Klein summary of relevant geologic, geoenvironmental, and geophysical information deposit geology magmatic sulfide deposits are sulfide mineral concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks derived from immiscible. Magmatic sulfiderich nickelcopper deposits related to picrite and or tholeiitic basalt dikesill complexesa preliminary deposit model. Sulfur isotope ratios ofsulfide minerals from the deposit. Keywords siirt madenkoy, massive sulfide ore deposits, cyprus type, geochemistry, mineral raw materials. Review of geophysical technology for nicupge deposits. These minerals are the most important sources of most base metals like copper, lead and zinc.
Us4509989a cleaning method for removing sulfur containing. Neptune minerals deep ocean minerals exploration and. Magmatic sulfide deposits fall into two major groups when considered on the basis of the value of their contained metals, one group in which ni, and, to a lesser extent, cu, are the most valuable products and a second in which the pge are the most important. For best results viewing and printing pdf documents, it is recommended that you download the documents to your computer and open them with adobe reader. Note, mercuryii sulfide, hgs, adopts the cinnabar structure described, and one additional structure, i. The hazard fields include special hazard alerts air and water reactions, fire hazards, health hazards, a reactivity profile, and details about reactive groups assignments and potentially incompatible absorbents. Magmatic nicu sulfide deposits form as the result of segregation and concentration of droplets of liquid sulfide from mafic or ultramafic magma, and the partitioning of chalcophile elements into these from the silicate melt.
Recovery of gold in pyritic sulfide ores mine engineer. He must also have a complete knowledge of the method of making. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of northern wisconsin. A significant development that unites most of these occurrences has been the recognition of the spatial association of nicupge sulphide deposits, from major camps to scattered small deposits, with the margins of ancient archaean cratonic blocks begg et al.
The sulfide mining process mineral exploration and known deposits in portions of wis cousin, minnesota. In this study, we consider only those deposits that are located within the neovolcanic zone. Pdf volcanichosted massive sulfide deposits of the urals. Welldeveloped copper oxide zones appear to form through two distinct mechanisms. Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model usgs. Classification, genesis, and exploration guides for. Global distribution of seafloor massive sulfide deposits almost all sea.
Effective depth of exploration using sp was found to exceed 1 km for large porphyry. The sulfide deposits are mostly inactive, and the surrounding volcaniclastic sediment is widely indurated and locally mineralized. When metals combine with sulfur, the resulting mineral is called a sulfide. Pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite are all common sulfide minerals that are found in many precious metal veins and other hard rock deposits.
Grade and tonnage model of tungsten skarn deposits, nevada. Australias nickel industry grew rapidly in the first decade with many komatiitehosted deposits commencing production within the first two years of their discovery. Copper sulphide deposits in the repparfjord window. The oceanic core complexes and largeoffset detachment faults characteristic of the slowspreading midatlantic ridge are crucial for the structural control of large hydrothermal systems, including those forming subseafloor polymetallic sulfide mineralization. Magmatic nicupge deposits in magma plumbing systems. Metals occur in all kinds of rocks but usually in concentrations that are too low to be mined. Recovery of gold in sulfide ores has fallen into several categories. The plate boundaries have a total strike length in the.
Maakt het mogelijk om pdfbestanden samen te voegen met een simpele drag anddrop interface. The appropriate physical environment is required so that the sulfide liquid mixes with. Magmatic sulfide rich nickelcopper deposits related to picrite and or tholeiitic basalt dikesill complexes. Sulfides are a geologic byproduct of mining in this area, and by exposing sulfides to the air and water in our atmosphere, sulfuric acid can be created threatening to poison the nearby water, environment, and communities. Sulfides are a geologic byproduct of mining in this area, and by exposing sulfides to the air and water in our atmosphere, sulfuric acid can be created threatening to poison the nearby water. Along with new concepts of ore deposition came new technology to aid in the search for mineral deposits. Drilling of the active transatlantic geotraverse tag deposit indicates that the size of the moundstockwork complex is approximately 3. Magmatic sulfide deposits models 1, 2b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b. Characterization of the sulfide 50 years university of mining and geology st. Sulfide ore deposits occupy a spectrum from accumulated pools of matte within small igneous intrusions or lava flows, mined primarily. As has been pointed out by large 1983, the term massive sulfide, which loosely describes mineralization containing more than 50% sulfides, separates this class from other classes of sedimenthosted sulfide deposits, such as the sedimenthosted stratiform copper deposits see ch.
Recent massive sulfide deposits of the semenov ore. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits range in age from 3. Sms deposits are formed on the seafloor when hot water comes out of the seabed, hits the cold seawater and deposits its mineral load. Then he must be thoroughly familiar with the many and varied species of earths, juices, gems, stones, marbles, rocks, metals and compounds. The oxidized cap closely follows the extent of the breccia pipe. In the 1960s, a new concept of sulfide ore deposition related to volcanic activity volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits led to widespread exploration activity by numerous companies for this type of deposit in the lake superior region. Magmatic sulfide deposits form when mantlederived, sulfur undersaturated picritic or tholeiitic basalt magmas become sulfide saturated, commonly following interaction with crustal rocks.
A novel mining approach for seafloor massive sulfide deposits. Corry abstract in the years 1978 through 1981, many spontaneous polarization sp surveys of porphyry sulfide deposits and prospects were done in the western united states. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. How to combine files into a pdf adobe acrobat dczelfstudies. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Magmatic sulfide ore deposits elements geoscienceworld.
Technical recommendations for the prevention of fires and explosions due to its nonflammable nature, the product does not present a fire risk under normal conditions of storage, handling and use. Holistic mineralsystem analysis for such deposits has some parallels with dominantly hydrothermal systems, but also some important differences. Discovery of a high mineral content in the soils and plants at a particular site, or geophysical identification ol rocks and minerals with the electromag netic characteristics of sulfide orehody, can ead 10 further exploration. It is also used for depilating hides and veterinary medication. Volcanichosted massive sulfide deposits of the urals, russia. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. Lesher2 1department of earth sciences, university of hong kong, hong kong, china 2mineral exploration research centre, department of earth sciences, laurentian university, sudbury, ontario, canada p3e 6b5 email.
Sedimenthosted massive zinclead sulfide sms deposits. It acts as a reducing agent and serves as a tanning agent. Cvrd inco, copper cliff, ontario, canada abstract as in the case of the geological models for ni cupge deposits, a wide variety of geophysical signatures of nicupge deposits can. This association applies almost without exception to the worlds major. The information in cameo chemicals comes from a variety of data sources. Of particular interest have been efforts to mine seafloor massive sulfide sms, also called polymetallic sulfide or sulphide in british english, deposits along submarine plate boundaries. Pdf on jan 1, 2003, maria boni and others published non sulfide zinc deposits. Act in accordance with the internal emergency plan and the information sheets on actions to take after an accident or other emergencies. The fine coating of a iron compound definitely appears to be a key. Sulfide mining in northeastern minnesota northeastern.
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